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content/10-19 LIFE/13 TECH SETUP/13.13 OS SETUP/Network.md

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+---
+publish: true
+permalink: /10-19 LIFE/13 TECH SETUP/13.13 OS SETUP/Network.md
+title: Network
+created: 2026-01-29T14:15:15.157-07:00
+modified: 2026-02-05T09:41:11.148-07:00
+tags:
+  - network
+  - wifi
+  - tailscale
+cssclasses: ""
+---
+
+Network configuration using NetworkManager with iwd backend, systemd-resolved for DNS, and Tailscale for mesh networking.
+
+## Architecture
+
+My setup:
+- **NetworkManager** — Connection management
+- **iwd** — WiFi backend (replaces wpa_supplicant)
+- **systemd-resolved** — DNS resolution
+- **dhcpcd** — Disabled (NetworkManager handles DHCP)
+
+## Disable dhcpcd
+
+NetworkManager handles DHCP itself, so dhcpcd is not needed and can cause conflicts.
+
+```bash
+# Stop and disable dhcpcd
+sudo systemctl stop dhcpcd
+sudo systemctl disable dhcpcd
+
+# Verify it's not running
+systemctl status dhcpcd
+```
+
+If you had dhcpcd managing interfaces, NetworkManager will take over after a reboot.
+
+## NetworkManager + iwd
+
+Using iwd as the WiFi backend provides better stability than wpa_supplicant, especially on Framework AMD with the MediaTek WiFi card.
+
+### Configure iwd backend
+
+Create `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/wifi-backend.conf`:
+```ini
+[device]
+wifi.backend=iwd
+```
+
+### Enable services
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl enable --now NetworkManager
+sudo systemctl enable --now iwd
+```
+
+### Disable wpa_supplicant (if installed)
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl stop wpa_supplicant
+sudo systemctl disable wpa_supplicant
+```
+
+## DNS with systemd-resolved
+
+I use systemd-resolved for DNS instead of letting NetworkManager write to `/etc/resolv.conf` directly.
+
+### Enable systemd-resolved
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl enable --now systemd-resolved
+```
+
+### Link resolv.conf
+
+```bash
+sudo ln -sf /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
+```
+
+### Configure NetworkManager to use it
+
+Create `/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/dns.conf`:
+```ini
+[main]
+dns=systemd-resolved
+```
+
+### Verify
+
+```bash
+resolvectl status
+```
+
+## WiFi Management
+
+### CLI (nmcli)
+
+```bash
+# List networks
+nmcli device wifi list
+
+# Connect
+nmcli device wifi connect "SSID" password "password"
+
+# Saved connections
+nmcli connection show
+
+# Disconnect
+nmcli device disconnect wlan0
+
+# Forget network
+nmcli connection delete "SSID"
+```
+
+### TUI (impala)
+
+I use [[10-19 LIFE/13 TECH SETUP/13.11 APPS/impala]] for interactive WiFi management — much nicer than `iwctl`:
+
+```bash
+impala
+```
+
+See [[10-19 LIFE/13 TECH SETUP/13.11 APPS/impala]] for keybindings and configuration.
+
+## Tailscale
+
+Tailscale creates a secure mesh network between all your devices.
+
+### Installation
+
+```bash
+curl -fsSL https://tailscale.com/install.sh | sh
+```
+
+Or via pacman:
+```bash
+sudo pacman -S tailscale
+```
+
+### Setup
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl enable --now tailscaled
+sudo tailscale up
+```
+
+Follow the auth URL to connect to your tailnet.
+
+### Useful commands
+
+```bash
+tailscale status          # Show connected devices
+tailscale ip              # Show Tailscale IP
+tailscale ping <host>     # Ping another device
+tailscale ssh <host>      # SSH to another device (if enabled)
+```
+
+### Exit node (use another device as VPN)
+
+```bash
+# Enable exit node on a device
+sudo tailscale up --advertise-exit-node
+
+# Use an exit node
+sudo tailscale up --exit-node=<hostname>
+```
+
+## Complete Setup Summary
+
+1. Disable dhcpcd
+2. Enable NetworkManager + iwd
+3. Disable wpa_supplicant
+4. Enable systemd-resolved
+5. Link resolv.conf
+6. Install Tailscale
+7. Install [[10-19 LIFE/13 TECH SETUP/13.11 APPS/impala]] for WiFi TUI
+
+## Resources
+
+- Arch Wiki: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/NetworkManager#Using_iwd_as_the_Wi-Fi_backend
+- Tailscale docs: https://tailscale.com/kb/